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How Does The Poison King Bat Act As A Virus Host?

source:Qida organism  views:2130  time:2021-02-03

There Have Been Several Major Outbreaks Of New Viral Diseases, Including Hendra Virus, Nipah Virus, Marburg Virus And Ebola Virus Diseases, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) And Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), As Well As The Current Epidemic Of 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). It Is Worth Noting That All These Outbreaks Are Related To Viruses Transmitted By Bats. Bat Is The Only Mammal That Can Fly. It Also Has Some Additional Characteristics Unique To Mammals, Such As Longer Life Span, Lower Tumor Incidence, And No Special Ability Of Clinical Disease In The Host Virus Compared With Its Body Size. Recent Research Shows That The Adaptive Evolution Of 64 Million Years Has Shaped The Host Defense System Of Bats To Balance Defense And Tolerance, Which Leads To The Unique Ability To Be An Ideal Host Of Viruses. As Of December 21, 2020, The Covid-19 Pandemic Caused By Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) Has Resulted In More Than 75704857 Cases And 1690061 Deaths. Although The Possibility Of Intermediate Host Is Still An Open Question, SARS CoV-2 Is Believed To Have An Ancestral Origin Of Bats2 - Most Similar To Bat Coronavirus RaTG133., In The Study Of Bats, There Are A Series Of Different Coronaviruses. It Has Been Confirmed That The Emergence And Continuous Outbreak Of The Potential Serious Disease Outbreaks Including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus (Crown) (2003) Is Associated With The Middle East Related Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) (since 2012). Bats Can Carry A Variety Of Viruses, Especially Human Zoonosis Coronavirus. Through Ecological Factors, Biological Characteristics Or Its Potential Unique Immune System, Bats Can Prevent Excessive Immune Pathological Reaction To Most Viral Pathogens. Studying These Processes Will Provide Key Lessons For Human Health, From Understanding Aging To Fighting Cancer And Infectious Diseases. The Life Span Of Bats Is Much Longer Than That Of Non Flying Mammals, And The Longest Life Span Recorded By Bats Is 3.5 Times That Of Non Flying Placental Mammals With Similar Size. As An Anti-aging Model Of Mammals, Bats May Provide Important Clues For Human Attempts To Delay Death And Prolong Life Span. For Centuries, Bats Have Been Associated With Infectious Diseases. Bats Occupy A Unique Position In The Field Of Infectious Diseases. Their Role In The Transmission Of Rabies Virus Prompted Metchnikov To Study Fruit Bat Macrophages And Their Immune Responses In 1909. Recently, Several Outbreaks Of New Or Re Emerging Viruses Related To Bat Host Overflow Have Been Recorded, And Some Reports Highlight The Risk Of Future Overflow Events To The Population. Enveloped And Positive Single Stranded RNA Coronaviruses Are Widely Distributed In Animals (54% Of The Known Coronaviruses Are Related To Bats, And Several Genome Sequences Of Bat Coronaviruses Have High Genetic Similarity With Sars Cov-2. The Virus Transmitted By Bats Will Not Only Cause Destructive Outbreaks In Humans, But Also In Pigs, Horses And Other Animals. During Large-scale Outbreaks (such As The Current COVID-19 Epidemic), There Is A Risk Of Spillback Or Reverse Zoonotic Transmission From Humans To Animals. It Has Been Proved That Two Farms Broke Out In Mink COVID-19 In The Netherlands, Followed By The Transmission Of SARS CoV-2 Virus50 Between Animals And Humans. From Pet Owners To Domestic Cats And Dogs, As Well As Tigers And Lions Raised By Animals, SARS CoV-2 Co Infection Was Also Observed. SARS CoV-2 Is Likely To Spread To Other Free Range Mammals In Different Geographical Locations, Including Great Apes And Bats. This Is Considered A Threat That Has Affected Wildlife Tourism In Many Countries. Although The Intermediate Hosts, Civet Cats, Pangolins, And Other Participants In The SARS CoV-2 Outbreak, Showed Pulmonary Edema And Inflammation, And Infected With SARS CoV-2-related Coronaviruses, Which Indicated That They Were Not Real Host Bats And Had No Clinical Symptoms Of Disease When Infected With Most Viruses. Because It Has A Balanced Host Defense Tolerance System, Super Host Defense Response And Immune Mechanism, But There Are Exceptions. According To Research, High Titer Infection With Tick Virus Or Lyssavirus 60 Of Different Species Can Lead To Severe Symptoms And Death. Filovirus Lloviu Virus Is Related To The Death Of Spanish Bats. The Fungal White Nose Syndrome Is Unique Among Mammals Because It Kills Bats By Affecting Their Energy Demand When They Wake Up From Hibernation Or Hibernation. Through Some Single Cell RNA Sequencing And Other Technologies, It Will Be Possible To Make An Unbiased And In-depth Study Of The Characteristics Of Bats, Bat Immune Cell Populations And Their Specific Functions And Pathways. Bat's Host Defense Immune Tolerance Balance Makes It Extremely Healthy. The Identification Of Key Regulatory Factors And Mechanisms Involved In Maintaining This Homeostasis Balance Will Provide Valuable Experience In Controlling And Fighting Human Viruses, Cancers, Aging And Many Inflammatory Diseases.
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