Mitochondrial Device -- "seventy-two Changes" Of Cells

Researchers At The Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center At The University Of California, Los Angeles, Said They Had Developed A Simple, High-throughput Method To Transfer Isolated Mitochondria And Their Related Mitochondrial DNA To Mammalian Cells& Nbsp; This Approach Enables Researchers To Customize Key Genetic Components Of Cells To Study And Potentially Treat Debilitating Diseases, Such As Cancer, Diabetes And Metabolic Disorders. The Research Team Published Their Research Report In The Cell Report, "The Pressure Driven Mitochondrial Transfer Pipeline Generates Mammalian Cells With The Required Gene Combination And Fate", And Described How The New Device Named MitoPunch Developed By The University Of California, Los Angeles, Transfers Mitochondria To 100000 Or More Receptor Cells At The Same Time, Which Is A Significant Improvement In The Existing Mitochondrial Transfer Technology. This Device Is Part Of The Continuous Efforts Of Scientists At The University Of California, Los Angeles. They Develop Controllable And Manipulative Methods To Understand Mitochondrial DNA Mutations, So As To Improve The Function Of Human Cells Or Better Simulate Human Mitochondrial Diseases& Nbsp; The Production Of Mammalian Cells With The Required Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Sequence Contributes To The Study Of Mitochondria, Disease Models And Potential Regenerative Therapies. MitoPunch Is A High-throughput Mitochondrial Transfer Device, Which Transfers Mitochondria Isolated From Mouse Or Human Cells To Primary Or Immortalized Mitochondrial Deletions（ ρ 0) Cells That Produce Specific Mitochondrial DNA Nuclear DNA (nDNA) Combinations& Nbsp; Stable Isolated Mitochondrial Receptor (SIMR) Cells Isolated In A Restricted Medium Permanently Retain Donor MtDNA And Regenerate. However, SIMR Fibroblasts Maintained ρ 0 Like Cell Metabolism Group And Transcription Group. We Reprogrammed Non Immortalized SIMR Fibroblasts Into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Which Subsequently Differentiated Into A Variety Of Functional Cell Types, Including Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), Adipocytes, Osteoblasts And Chondrocytes. After Reprogramming And Differentiation, SIMR Fibroblasts Are Similar In Molecular And Phenotypic Terms To The Unmodified Control Fibroblasts Carried By The Same Protocol. "& Nbsp; Therefore, Our MitoPunch 'pipeline' Can Produce SIMR Cells With Unique MtDNA NDNA Combinations, Which Can Be Used For Further Research And Application Of Various Cell Types. "& Nbsp; Alexander Sercel, A Doctoral Candidate At The David Geffen School Of Medicine At The University Of California, Los Angeles, And One Of The First Authors Of The Study, Said: "The Ability To Generate Cells With The Required Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Is Very Important For Studying How The Genomes In Mitochondria And Nuclei Interact To Regulate Cell Functions, Which Is Crucial For Understanding And Potentially Treating Patients' Diseases."; Genetic Or Acquired Mutations In Mitochondrial DNA Can Impair Energy Production And May Lead To Debilitating Diseases. The Technology Of Manipulating Mitochondrial DNA Lags Behind That Of Manipulating Nuclear DNA, Which May Be Helpful For Scientists To Develop Disease Models And Regenerate Diseases Caused By These Mutations& Nbsp; However, According To Scientists From The University Of California, Los Angeles, The Current Method Is Limited And Complex, And Most Of Them Can Only Deliver Mitochondria Containing The Required Mitochondrial DNA Sequence To A Limited Number Of Cells. The WHO Said That The MitoPunch Device Is Simple In Operation, Allowing A Large Number Of Mitochondria Separated From Different Donor Cell Types To Transfer To Multiple Recipient Cell Types With Consistent Mitochondria, Even In Non-human Species, Includes Cells Isolated From Mice. One Of The First Authors Alexander Patananan (PhD), A Postdoctoral Fellow At The University Of California, Los Angeles, Pointed Out That: "The Difference Between MitoPunch And Other Technologies Is That It Can Design Non Immortal And Non Malignant Cells, Such As Human Skin Cells, To Generate Unique Mitochondrial DNA Nuclear Genome Combinations. This Progress Enables Us To Study The Effects Of Specific Mitochondrial DNA Sequences On Cell Functions, And Reprogram These Cells Into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Which Then Differentiate Into Functional Adipocytes, Chondrocytes And Osteocytes ”MitoPunch Was Jointly Developed By Dr. Michael Teitell, Director Of Jonsson Cancer Center, Professor Of Pathology And Experimental Medicine, Dr. Pei Yu (Eric) Chiou, Professor Of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering At Henry Samueli College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles, And Professor Ting Xiang Wu, Professor Of Immunobio& Nbsp; MitoPunch Is Based On Previous Technology And A Device Called Photothermal Nano Blade, Which Was Developed By The Team In 2016. However, Unlike The Photo Thermal Nano Blade, It Requires Complex Laser And Optical Systems To Operate. The Working Principle Of MitoPunch Is To Use Pressure To Push An Isolated Mitochondrial Suspension Through A Porous Membrane Covering Cells& Nbsp; The Researchers Pointed Out That This Pressure Gradient Generated The Ability To Pierce The Cell Membrane At Discrete Locations, Allowing Mitochondria To Enter The Receptor Cells Directly And Then Repair The Cell Membrane& Nbsp; "When We First Made The Photothermal Nano Blade, We Knew That We Needed A Higher Throughput, Simpler And Easier To Use System To Make It Easier For Other Laboratories To Assemble And Operate," Said Taitel, Who Is Also The Head Of The Department Of Pediatrics And Developmental Pathology And A Member Of The Extensive Stem Cell Research Center At The University Of California, Los Angeles. "This New Device Is Very Effective, Enabling Researchers To Study The Mitochondrial Genome In A Simple Way - Exchanging It From One Cell To Another - Which Can Be Used To Reveal The Basic Biology That Controls A Wide Range Of Cell Functions, And One Day Bring Hope For The Treatment Of Mitochondrial DNA Diseases."